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The age of the best marathon and half marathon runners in the world

No Trends in the Age of Peak Performance among the Best Half-Marathoners and Marathoners in the World between 1997-2020 We examined the potential trend in the age of the highest performance at Elite endurance athletes by gender, continent of national citizenship of athletes and rank. Since performance is a multifactorial feature, this information can be used to control long-term training and planning strategies in connection with the selection process of athletes.Information from 1,852 Professional Aports classified between 1997 and 2020 as top 20 performance of each year at marathon and half marathon events have been considered.The variance analysis was calculated to test age differences between gender, continent and rank. A significant difference between the middle age groups was observed.For both sexes, half marathon runners were disciples than marathon runners (men’s half marathon 25.6 ± 3.6 years compared to men Marathon 28.0 ± 3.9 years; Women’s Half Marathon 27.5 ± 4.4 years against women Marathon 28.4 ± 4.1 years).Female half-marathon runners showed the highest average age (31.1 ± 4.8 years) in 2004 compared to the same age in 1997, 2001, 2018 and 2019. Among the male half marathon runners, those in 1999 compared to 2011, 2018 and 2019 showed the highest average age. Differences between the continents of national citizenship of the athletes were observed.Asian runners had the lowest average age (26.5 ± 3.7 years), while their European competitors had the highest age (31.1 ± 3.9 years). No significant interaction between gender and rank was verified.Differences were observed between the sexes for categories 4. to 10. Positions and 11th to 20th positions.

Pacing over 10 km and marathon

Pacing in Long-Distance Running: Sex and Age Differences in 10-km Race and Marathon The recent availability of data from mass participation volumes has made it possible for researchers to examine the pace from the perspective of non-elite spacers. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we concluded that no study that uses data on mass participation events has ever compared the speed of the 10 km race directly to other long-distance races. Therefore, the main objective of this study was evaluating and comparing the pacing between 10 km runners and marathon runners in terms of their sex and ages. For the purposes of this study, official results of the Oslo Marathon (n = 8,828) and 10-KM race (n = 16'315) were taken into account from 2015 to 2018.Both 10 km runners and marathon runners showed a positive pacing. In addition, a two-way variance analysis showed that women at the marathon were less likely to slower than men (9.85% compared to 12.70%), but not at the 10 km race (3.99% compared to 3.38%). Finally, tempo changes in the youngest and oldest marathon runners compared to the other age groups are more pronounced (12.55% compared to 10.96%).

Variability of Brazilian runners from different regions

Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach The ecological model theory emphasizes that human development (or a particular behavior) is the result of the interplay of variables derived from different levels and comprising those that are directly related to the subjects, and those who focus on theEnvironment relate. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the performance of the runners can vary between different Brazilian states than the factors associated with this difference. The sample included 1,151 Brazilian runners (61.8% men), which filled an online questionnaire, the information on biological (gender, age, size and weight), training (running pace, frequency and volume / week and motivation) and socio-demographic (Place) provided residential and wage aspects and perceptions about the environmental influences.Information about state variables were obtained from official institutes and included the Human Development Index (HDI), athletics events and the violence. A multi-level analysis was performed in HLM software.Characteristics on state level declared ≈3% of the total variance of mileage.Of the total variance declared for the individual level were 56.4% with the male gender, the age and the body mass index, economic status, perception of the natural environment, training frequency and weekly volume. At the state level, only athletics events had a positive and significant impact on performance.The area plays an important role in explaining the variability of mileage.

The influence of running on the heart

Effects of medium- and long-distance running on cardiac damage markers in amateur runners: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression To finish a long-distance race, the athletes have an intensive effort that induces the release of markers for a heart muscle damage.There are several factors that can influence the total number of these markers. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the impact of endurance races on markers for a heart muscle damage and identify the factors that change the degree of segregation of these markers. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases has been performed.This analysis included studies in which the acute effects of races on markers were analyzed for a heart muscle damage (troponin I and troponin T), with the mirrors of these markers being evaluated before and after the races. The effects of races on troponin I and troponin T were significant.The age and body mass indices of the athletes had a significant interaction with troponin I. In addition, gender, mean speed, time until the end of the race and type of race influence the height of the markers for a heart muscle damage. Long-distance races lead to the release of markers for a heart muscle damage, which remain elevated after the races for at least 24 hours.In addition, young male athletes use high body mass indices that perform races that combine long duration and moderate intensity (marathons), the highest levels of markers for a heart muscle damage free.

Ultramarathon and rhythm disorders

The acute effects of an ultramarathon on biventricular function and ventricular arrhythmias in master athletes The endurance sports practice has increased significantly in recent decades, with a growing share of participants older than 40 years.Although the benefits of moderate regular movement are known, there are concerns about the potential negative effects caused by extreme endurance sports. The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of an ultramarathon race on the electrocardiogram, the bivescentricular function and ventricular arrhythmias in a population of master athletes. Master’s athletes were recruited, which participated in an ultramarathon (50 km, 600 m altitude difference) without heart disease in the prehistory.From the day before until the end of the race, an electrocardiogram was continuously recorded with a derivative. Before and at the end of the race, echocardiography and a rest electrocardiogram with 12 derivatives were performed.The sample consisted of 68 healthy, not professional athletes. Compared to the baseline, the R-wave amplitude in V1 and the QTC duration after the race was higher.Load-induced insulated premature ventricular strokes were observed at 7% of the athletes.Nobody showed a non-persistent ventricular tachycardia before or during the race.The left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal string and twisting did not differ significantly before and after the race. After the race, no significant differences were found in the dimensions of the right ventricular inflow and drainage tract, the change of the partial surface, and the GLS of the free wall.

Cardiovascular risk in ultra skiers

Cardiovascular risk among ultra-endurance runners The aim of this study was the prevalence and the clinical correlates of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in marathon runners with extreme endurance. An electronic Internet survey for the characterization of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco exposure and obesity (BMI> 30 kg / m2) for competitive ultra skills.Of 290 respondents (42 ± 11 years, 31.4% female) had 106 (36.6%) at least an established cardiovascular risk factor. The female gender, younger age and participation in competition sports were associated with freedom of cardiovascular risk factors. There were no significant relationships between risk factor status and hours per week running training (risk factor negative = 10 ± 7 vs. Risk factor positive = 11 ± 8 hours) or years of extreme duration competitions (6 ± 8 vs. 7 ± 9 years). Runners with at least one cardiovascular risk factor had more personal or equal concerns about excessive alcohol consumption.Conventional cardiovascular risk factors are common in ultra skills. Early participation in competition sports instead of movement habits in adults is associated with the reduction of the development of cardiovascular risk factors in middle age.

Body fat and performance in the triathlon

Distribution of body fat is associated with physical performance of male amateur triathlon athletes Endurance sports are strongly connected to maximum oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, running economics and body fat percentage.Although the importance of low-fat mass for the performance is a consensus in the literature, there is no data on the meaning of the pattern of fat distribution. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the relationship between the fat mass distribution with the triathlon performance and the physiological power dwellers: maximum oxygen consumption, fantatical threshold and tread economy, and the predictive value for the performance of the gynoid or Android fat mass to verify distribution. 39 triathlets (38.8 ± 6.9 years, 174.8 ± 6.5 cm and 74.3 ± 8.8 kg) were applied to anthropometric (total body mass, fat mass, lean mass, android and gynoid fat mass) and physiological (maximum oxygen consumption, fantatile threshold, and running economy) examined.The overall relationship of the race time with the gynoid fat mass was classified as moderate to high and with the android fat mass as low. All mutacles and the entire race time showed significant and positive correlation with the total fat mass (%) and with the gynoid fat mass (%).The entire race time can be better predicted by the gynoid fat mass than through the Android fat mass.

Teenagers in the ultramarathon

Recommendations on Youth Participation in Ultra-Endurance Running Events: A Consensus Statement Participation in ultra-run events takes over all ages, including adolescent athletes. The 50 and 100 km routes are the most popular routes in adolescent athletes.Most youthful athletes are between 16 and 18 years old.However, some runners under 12 years have successfully completed ultra running events. Parents, athletes, coaches, race guides and physicians are often looking for advice on the safety of adolescent athletes participating in these events, especially with regard to possible short and long-term health.Ultra-run can affect important organ systems during growth and development. We propose a decision-making process based on the current knowledge and experience of the consensus group and with age rules, medical and psychological well-being, training status and racial factors (route length, height differences, remoteness of the event, temperatures, medical care, support by the organizer)until evidence for the long-term consequences of ultra-run in young athletes are available.

What happens at a 100 km march?

Physiological Changes, Activity, and Stress During a 100-km–24-h Walking-March Long-distance loads such as ultramarathons are known to solve various metabolic and physiological changes in the human body.About very long stress at low intensities in healthy people is little known. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition and metabolism for events with long endurance and low intensity. 25 male and 18 female healthy recreational athletes (34.6 ± 8.8 years; BMI: 22.4 ± 2.0 kg / m2) of the 100 km Mammoth March were recruited for participation in the 2014-2016 events. In addition to the classic ultramarathons, the mammoth march is a hiking event, where the participants run, but did not race or jog.It was expected that the 100 km route is covered within 24 hours, resulting in a calculated average speed of 4.17 km / h, which corresponds to the observed average speed (4.12 ± 0.76 km / h). Since not all participants reached the finish line, the comparison of finishers and non-finishers enabled a different evaluation of performance.The body composition measured by bioelectric impedance analysis was determined before and after the march, and serum samples were taken from the march at 30, 70 and 100 km to determine NT-PRO-BNP, troponin T, C-reactive protein (CRP)),Cortisol, lipoprotein low density (LDL), lipoprotein high density (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, aminotransferase (branch), old and sodium to determine. Nineteen participants carried ancient bracelets (Sensewear®) to obtain information about body activity and training intensity \ [metabolic equivalent of the task (MET) ].Sixteen participants carried mobile heart rate meters to determine the average heart rate during the race. Changes in serum parameters Over the race, Anova was analyzed with mixed effects and additional T tests.All serum parameters were analyzed on correlation with respect to various MET mirrors, speed, age, BMI, NT-Pro-BNP baseline, medium heart rate during race and gender with linear regression analysis. We found significant elevations for muscle and heart stress markers (CRP, CK, CK-MB, AST, ALT, Cortisol and NT-PRO-BNP) and decreasing markers for lipid metabolism (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL). Although the intensity level demanded by our participants was low compared to other studies on ultramarathons, the change of the tested parameters was similar to high-intensive loads, e.g.B. showed NT-PRO-BNP a four-times increase and a decrease in the LDL by 20%. In addition to the training period, age, BMI, training status and gender are relevant parameters that influence the increase in stress factors.In particular, our data indicates that NT-PRO-BNP could be a marker for cardiovascular fitness even in healthy adults. This low intensity march highlighted a strong systemic reaction and great cell stress and moved to a favorable lipid profile comparable to higher intensity loads.