What influences the Ironman competition time

Variables that influence Ironman triathlon performance – what changed in the last 35 years? We collected the previous literature on the topic of performance-influencing variables for a fast Ironman competition time and tries to find the most important variables.

It showed the age, experience, gender, training, origin, anthropometric features, physiological peculiarities, pacing and performance in each disciplines are important. For the anthropometric characteristics showed differences between men and women. The most important variables for a fast Ironman competition time are an age of 30-35 years (men and women), a fast personal best time in the Olympic Triathlon (men and women), a fast personal best time in the marathon (men and women), a big oneTraining volume and fast training, the volume seems more important than the speed (men and women), deep body fat, thin skin fold thicknesses and a thin upper arm (only men) as well as origin from the USA (men and women). All details can be found under https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=23326

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Body core temperature for ice swimming

Ice swimming and changes in body core temperature: a case study An experienced ice float (56 years, 110 kg body weight, BMI 35.6 kg / m2 and 44.8% body fat) has documented all its training in preparation for 2 miles for almost 2 years. We were now able to examine relationships between body core temperature and water temperature.It turned out that the body core temperature immediately after entry into the cold water rose and then slowly dropped. The deepest body core temperature was only in the recreational phase after the ice swim to find.On average, the body core temperature decreased by about 1.7 ° C during an ice mile, after swimming even 3.2 - 3.7 ° C.

Peeing Ah Ram

Pacing Strategies of Ultra-Cyclists at the ‘Race Across America’. So far, there are few investigations like the speed resp.Performance for very long endurance charges. We have examined the change in the speed of the ‘Race Across America’ from 2010 to 2014, taking into account the influences of height differences as well as temperature and wind. On the basis of a formula we have also tried to estimate the watt performance.It turned out that the speed decreased continuously during the race with the men faster than the women. The calculated watts also decreased in the course of the race and was also deeper for women compared to men.For women, the watts was lower for all finishers compared to men, the threeast per year and the finishers in the age group 60-69 years, but not for the finishers in the age groups 18-49 and 50-59 years.Temperature and altitude differences had an impact on the decrease in speed and wattage for both sexes who investigated performance and age groups.

Sleeping and performance in the ultramarathon

Sleep Management Strategy and Performance in an Extreme Mountain Ultra-marathon. A French group has investigated whether there is a connection between sleeping breaks and performance at the Ultra-Trail Mont-Blanc. During the run, 28% of the finishers made a sleep break.However, the runners without sleeping were faster than the runners with sleeping break. Runners who have given themselves before the competition more sleep were faster in the finish.

The authors finally came that more sleep before the race is crucial for performance on the race. The very insightful work can be found at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Pubmed/26020095

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Running and the relationship with physique and training

Running and the association with anthropometric and training characteristics Running can be exercised as a sprint discipline on the train over a few meters to 10 km to Marathon and Ultramarathons over hundreds to thousands of running kilometers.The performance is influenced by a variety of factors of body construction as well as training. Morphological features such as skin folding thickness, body fat percentage, sizes and length of limbs, weight, size and body mass index (BMI) seem to have an impact on mileage. The training circumference (in time and returned distance) and the speed that runs in training also correlate with the performance.If all variables were comparatively examined, so were usually body fat and running speed in training the most important influencing sizes. For longer running loads (over 6 hours resp. 100 km), however, showed that the aspects of experience (number of successfully completed races) and personal best time were far more important than the training scope or morphological characteristics such as the body fat content.

Muscle cramps at ultra skills

Muscle Cramping During a 161-km Ultramarathon: Comparison of Characteristics of Those With and Without Cramping For 100 miles runners, runners were examined with and runners without muscle cramps. It showed around 14% of the runners had cramps and got about 53% almost cramps.Most cramps occurred in the calves (54%), quadriceps (44%) and Hamstring (33%).

In runners with cramps earlier convulsions and after the run higher CK values. The whole work can be found under https://www.sportsmedicine-open.com/content/2/1/8

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Women swim faster in Catalina Channel

Women cross the ‘Catalina Channel’ faster than men Since 1875 there is a long resp.Extreme swimming events. At that time it began with the English Channel, in the course, the, Manhattan Island Marathon Swim ‘and the Catalina Channel Swim’ added.The Three Events, English Channel Swim ‘,, Manhattan Island Marathon Swim’ and, Catalina Channel Swim ‘are summarized as’ Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming’. Now, when you look at the achievements of these three events, so has been proven so far that in the English Channel Swim ’the best women are about fast as the best men and in the Manhattan Island Marathon Swim’ the best women could even surpass the best men.The question looked like it looks like it in the Catalina Channel Swim ‘.We have now examined the performance of the floats in the Catalina Channel Swim ‘from 1927 to 2014. It showed that the fastest wife has been around 22 minutes faster than the fastest man.If you take the three fastest men and women, the women were around 20 minutes faster than the men.In the 10 fastest women and men, the women were still about 1 minute faster.If you take the fastest men and women per outing year over the period from 1927 to 2014, women were around 53 minutes faster than the men. Over the years, the times for the fastest women and men fell non-linear while the difference between the sexes decreased linearly.

Rhabdomyolysis and hyponatremia

Rhabdomyolysis and exercise-associated hyponatremia in ultra-bikers and ultra-runners. There are information for a connection between load-induced hyponatremia, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in extreme duration loads. This has been studied and confirmed by the majority of ultra-raptures. We have now examined in 7 different ultra races whether this connection can be confirmed in other disciplines.We found a rhabdomyolysis at 2 hyponatriemic and 4 Normonatriemic runners.

There were no kidney problems for all runners. The whole work can be read below https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26113805/

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Hyponatremia despite sodium supply

Symptomatic Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in an Endurance Runner Despite Sodium Supplementation In general, this is a symptomatic hyponatremia by a fluid overload. In certain circles, it is obvious that a sodium supply should protect against hyponatremia.An American group presents a case report of a runner, which after a load-induced hyponatremia after a nutritional consultation sodium supplied under stress.Despite extensive sodium supply during a 72 km long run, a symptomatic hyponatremia occurred.