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The body composition for long-distance runs

Body composition among long distance runners The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners after their participation (regional versus national) (regional ultra-trail runners against national ultra-trail runners). The body composition were examined by the so-called air displacement plethysmography, the so-called bioelectrical impedance, and the so-called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.In addition, the so-called Food Frequency Questionnaire was used. Significant differences between the different groups of different groups were detected for the chronological age (regional ultra-trail runners 38.8 ± 8.2 ± 3.1 years 38.8 ± 8.2 ± 4.1 years);Body density (regional ultra-trail runners 1.062 ± 0.015 l / kg against national ultra-trail runners 1.074 ± 0.009 l / kg);and fat mass (regional ultra-trail runner 12.7 ± 6.8 kg against national ultra-trail runners 7.6 ± 2.7 kg). National ultra-trail runners were younger, showed higher values for body density and had less fatty mass, although no significant differences were found for the fat-free mass.

What influences the motivation with marathon runners?

Do Sex, Age and Marital Status Influence the Motivations of Amateur Marathon Runners? The Poznan Marathon Case Study The purpose of this study was to describe reasons to participate in a marathon and their context with marital status, age and gender. A total of 433 runners, of which 144 women and 349 men, completed the Polish version of the so-called Motivation of Marathoners Scale with 9 dimensions published as part of an online survey at the Pozen Marathon in Poland (2019). The age of athletes (19-25, 26-35, 36-50, 51-70 years) and the civil level (single, married, divorced) were queried by the participants. The results showed that statistically significant associations between the motivational aspects of the athletes and the sex and age of the athletes were found.For this purpose, three dimensions of the Motivational of Marathoners Scale - statistically associated with the gender of the athletes, another three dimensions were different due to age, and finally, the civil level in none of the dimensions showed differences. In addition, in the multivariate analysis, in the civil level, gender and age group were compared according to the motivation of Marathoners Scale, no statistical differences were found.

Long-term run of the performance of the two best ultratriathletes

Longitudinal Performance Analysis in Ultra-Triathlon of the World’s 2 Best Master Triathlete This case study includes the analysis of the services of two ultra-triathlets, which have participated in the last three decades of ultra-triathlon competitions (Double Iron and Triple Iron Ultra Triathlon). Longitudinal cut data for performance development at Ultra-Triathlon athletes over many years are rare.The prediction of age-related performance in the various disciplines for triathlon events (swimming, cycling and running) is required so that the organizers can set realistic goals (timelins) for master athletes at these events. Athletes A and B had 34 and 53 holdings at Double Iron Ultra Triathlon at the age of 35 to 55 and 40 to 69 years and 26 and 20 participations in Triple Iron Ultra Triathlons aged 33 to 51 and 40 to61 years. Nonlinear regression analyzes were performed with the three disciplines and total output against age. The average performance drop in triple Iron ultra-triathlon was 0.62% per year for swimming, 0.19% per year for cycling and 0.98% per year for running for athlete A. For athlete B, a positive change in swimming (0.19% per year) and cycling (1.12% per year), but a negative change in running (1.34% per year) detected. Running is the discipline with the largest performance drop rate for both athletes, both in the double as in the Triple Iron Ultra Triathlon.

The carbohydrate intake at an ultramarathon

Effects of 120 vs. 60 and 90 g/h Carbohydrate Intake during a Trail Marathon on Neuromuscular Function and High Intensity Run Capacity Recovery The current recommendations for carbohydrate recording for ultra-trail activities with a duration of more than 2.5 hours amount to 90 g / h. Recently, however, the advantages of taking 120 g / h during a mountain marathon in terms of muscle damage after training were detected. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the impact of the carbohydrate reception of 120 g / h and to compare with the recommendations (90 g / h) and the usual recording for ultra-endurance athletes (60 g / h) during a mountain marathon. 26 Elite TrailRunners have randomly divided into three groups: Low (60 g / h), med (90 g / h) and high (120 g / h), depending on carbohydrate recording during a run. The runners were measured with the abalakov jump test, a maximum-half squat test and an aerobic power capacity test at the beginning (t1) and 24 hours after completion of the race (T2).Changes in Abalakov jump time The abalakov jump height, the HST1RM between T1 and T2 showed significant differences only in low and med, but not in the high-group.The internal load was significantly lower in the high group in terms of low and med.A significantly lower change during the study in terms of abalakov jump time, the abalakov jump height, the maximum-1 repeat maximum of the square test and in terms of fatigue and lactate within the aerobic service capacity test was in high compared to lowand med.

Sleeping access and ultramarathon

Earlier shift in race pacing can predict future performance during a single-effort ultramarathon under sleep deprivation In this study, Ultramarathon’s research camp was built over 50 and 100 miles to examine human endurance capabilities under extreme sleep loss and stress. It takes average> 24 hours to run 100 miles with minimal sleep, so we can create 24-hour performance profiles.We collected performance data that has been recorded over time (racing spots) and distance, self-reported sleeping and training patterns and endpoint data for cardiovascular fitness / adaptation to total sleep deprivation and extreme workout. In general, we realized that the self-reported nap in 100 mile runners was higher than 50-mile runners, and that ultra races may be previously selected for early risers. We have also compared performance profiles between the first 50 miles covered by all runners to investigate amplitude and acrophase differences in performance using a cosine form model. We have shown that runners, who completed a 100-mile ultramarathon, had a former acrophase shift compared to non-finishers, although all runners slowed over time.

Nutrition during the World Cup in the 24-hour run

Analysis of food and fluid intake in elite ultra-endurance runners during a 24-h World Championship The right replacement of energy and liquids is a challenge for 24-hour ultramarathon runners, as such unusually high intake can have adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms and hyponatrammie. This study analyzed this recording for twelve elite athletes (6 men and 6 women; ages 46 ± 7 years, size 170 ± 9 cm, weight 61.1 ± 9.6 kg, total route: 193-272 km) at the World Championships Im24-hour run and compared with the latest nutritional recommendations described by the International Society of Sports Nutrition in 2019. We set the hypothesis that these top sports enthusiasts would easily comply with these recommendations without having harmful adverse symptoms. The ad-libitum recording of food and liquids was recorded in real time and the recording of energy, macronutrients, sodium and caffeine was then calculated using a table in which the nutrient composition of each article was previously recorded.There were also gastrointestinal symptoms, dehydration markers (changes in body mass, plasma and urinosmolality and plasma volumes; samples taken from 26 hours before and immediately after the race) and hyponatremia (plasma and urinnodium concentrations). The fluid, energy and carbohydrate absorption of the 11 finishers was 16.4 ± 6.9 l, 35.1 ± 15.7 mJ or 1.49 ± 0.71 kg. Single analyzes showed that all except for one (for fluid intake) or two (for the energy and carbohydrate absorption) more than the minimum recommendations consumed.However, the calculated energy balance remained largely negative (- 29.5 ± 16.1 mJ). Such an unusually high recording did not associate with harmful gastrointestinal symptoms (75%, but only temporary \ [3.0 ± 0.9 H ]) or a hyponatremia (0%) associated with training. The athletes were not dehydrated, which was shown by the absence of a significant loss of body mass (- 0.92 ± 2.13%) and modifications of plasma oil molarness and an increase in plasma volume (+ 19.5 ± 15.8%). The power (traveled distance) correlated positively with the energy consumption and negative with liquid intake.

Differences of women and men in endurance sports

Metronome: a word to put in the feminine? Studies in the field of sports physiology relate to most common men, preferably young and healthy men. Against this trend, the Swiss Physiologist Beat Knechtle examines the performance of women in many of his work, which distinguishes them from those of men and the reasons for this singularity. The whole evaluation can be found under https://www.widermag.com/coaching-metronome-mot-mettre-feminin

Children and adolescents in the ultramarathon

Age-related Participation and Performance Trends of Children and Adolescents in Ultramarathon Running Trends of participation and performance as well as the performance differences between the sexes in ultra-run were well described in the adult population. For adolescent ultramarathon runners, however, there were less information about such trends. The aim of the present study was to investigate the age-related participation and the performance trends of children and adolescents ultramarathon runners.Data from runners under 19 years, which participated from 1960 to 2018 at distance-limited ultramarathons of 50 km, 100 km, 50 miles and 100 miles, were analyzed.During this time, the number of participants increased, especially in boys, most runners came from Europe, and the 50- and 100 km racetracks were most popular. Overall, male runners were faster than female runners, except in the case of European and Oceanic origin, where girls were faster over the 50 km race. The fastest male runners came from Africa and the fastest girls from Oceania, and the average running speed has fallen sharply for both sexes over the calendar years.

The influence of an ultramarathon on the heart of middle-aged men

Effects of Super-ultramarathon Running on Cardiac Structure and Function in Middle-aged Men It remains unclear whether high-intensity loads lead to deformities and a reduced function of the heart muscle. This study stated the hypothesis that participants of a six-day super-ultramarathone (622 km) would show asleep serial changes in the heart structure and function before and after the marathon as well as during the recovery phase. The heart structure and function of male volunteers of middle-aged age was examined before and after the ultramarathon as well as in two recreational periods in spacing three days by echocardiography. There were no differences in the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions and in the end diastolic volume between before and after the ultramarathone.The thickness of the interventricular septum, the thickness of the left ventricular rear wall, the left ventricular mass and mass index significantly increased according to the ultramarathone compared to the ultramarathone decreased during the recovery phase. The impact volume and the left ventricular ejection fraction significantly decreased according to the ultramarathone, while both values increase during the recovery phase. There were no significant differences in the indexes for left ventricular relaxation in each valuation period.