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Muscle damage and kidney damage in endurance charges

Exertional rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in endurance sports: a systematic review The increasing dissemination of endurance events in sports such as swimming in open water, cycling, running and triathlon has led to concerns about possible impact on renal function and kidney health. This study aimed to examine the results for rhabdomyolysis under load and acute renal failure in endurance sports, whereby the diagnostic criteria used as well as the physical and ecological context conditions, among which rhabdomyolysis reported under load and acute renal failure, were highlighted. According to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, topic-related studies were searched in digital sources (from 2009 to 2020). Studies with biomarkers of rhabdomyolysis under load and acute renal failure reported on endurance or ultra-endurance events have been included. A total of 43 publications were extracted, and 345 (43.5%) persons were with rhabdomyolysis under burden (creatinine kinase> 5'000 UI / l) and 130 (16.39%) with rhabdomyolysis under load and acute renal failure (creatinine ≥ 1, 88 mg / dl) diagnosed). Of the total cases of rhabdomyolysis under stress and acute renal failure, 96.92% were ultra-runner. There were inconsistencies between studies on diagnostic criteria for rhabdomyolysis under load and acute renal failure, which showed a difficulty in the interpretation of the data. Increased muscle and kidney damage immediately after endurance events have been reported, but after 5.86 days, these values normally returned to the initial value. There is a lack of knowledge about the potential of repeated rhabdomyolysis under stress and acute renal failure predisposing long-term chronic kidney disease.

Vitamin D im Sport

Vitamin D and Sport Performance Vitamin D is very important for general health, but also for sporting performance.A lack of vitamin D becomes a serious problem.It has been reported that various disturbances are associated with a vitamin D deficiency. Certain population groups such as infants, children, women before menopause, various breeds or ethnic groups and elderly people have an increased risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. For athletes, certain groups such as women may have a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. So far, little is known whether the supplement with vitamin D in athletes with vitamin D deficiency improves performance. An objective of this special edition is to obtain more information about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various sports disciplines and populations.

At what age do you achieve the best time in half a Ironman?

The Age-Related Performance Decline in Ironman 70.3 Although age-related acceptance of performance was well investigated in sport, little is known about such a decrease in triathlets for half Ironman distance.In fact, the few existing studies focused on specific aspects such as top events, elite groups, some consecutive years, individual locations or age categories rather than analyzing all available data. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the performance of triathlets in the three disciplines (swimming, cycling and running) as well as for the entire conclusion by analyzing data from Half Ironman Finishers (690 races, years 2004 to 2018, 206 ‘524 women (24.6%) and 633'576 men (75.4%), a total of 840'100 athletes). The age-related acceptance of the achievement at Half Ironman began at the earliest when swimming (from the first age group) with a smallest delta between 35 and 49 years in men and 40 to 54 years in women.

Changes at heart during workout on a marathon

Cardiovascular Remodeling Experienced by Real-World, Unsupervised, Young Novice Marathon Runners Completing a marathon is a popular destination in modern societies, including non-athletes. Previous studies have highlighted the temporary myocardial dysfunction and the release of biomarkers immediately after the race.Whether this method for increasing physical activity is advantageous or harmful remains controversial. We investigate detailed the reaction of cardiovascular conversion to a competition in a first marathon. Sixty-five marathon runners (36 men and 32 women) At the age of 30 ± 3 years, as part of their first marathon, 6 months before and 2 weeks after the London Marathon 2016 were examined in a prospective observation study. The investigations included electrocardiography, cardiopulmonary stress tests, echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. After 17 weeks of unattended marathon training, the runners showed a symmetrical, eccentric remodeling with an increase in the size of the left and right ventricle by 3-5%.The blood pressure dropped by 4/2 mmHg, although only 11% showed a clinically significant improvement of maximum oxygen consumption with a non-significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption by 0.4 ml / min / kg. In the absence of a monitored training, the cardiovascular transformation caused by physical activity is more modest in marathon runners in the real world as previously described and occurs without improving cardorespiratory fitness.

Stairs: 1. Evaluation in this sport about participation and performance

Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference Although there are comprehensive data to participate, performance trends and gender performance differences in different course disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stairs. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in stairs.The data consisting of 28'203 observations of 24'007 runners between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age were examined together with the peculiarities of the buildings (number of stairs and projectiles). Men were faster than women faster in every age group, and the performance difference remained at 0.20 km / h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the highest age.However, women were able to exceed men in certain situations: in smaller buildings (<600 levels) between 30 and 59 years and> 69 years, in higher buildings (> 2200 levels) for age groups <20 years and 60-69 years and in buildingsWith 1600-2200 stairs for an age of> 69 years.

Herz death in the triathlon

Cardiovascular Disease and Triathlon-Related Deaths in the United Kingdom Triathlon is one of the fastest growing sports in the United Kingdom.In recent years, however, several deaths have occurred. The aim of this study was to identify these cases and to investigate the role of cardiovascular diseases in these deaths. An extensive online search was conducted to identify deaths related to triathlon in the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom, which died abroad during or as a result of triathlon competitions. The British triathlon gave the number of participants who participated in events in the United Kingdom.The trials gave information about all the deceased. Between 2009 and 2015, 991,186 participants participated in events approved by the British Triathlon.Five deaths related to triathlon in the United Kingdom were identified.The mortality rate was 0.5 per 100,000 participants. Deaths occurred during or after the events swimming (3), cycling (1) and running (1).During the same period, 5 deaths related to Triathlon were found in British citizens who approached abroad.These deaths occurred during or after the events swimming (2), cycling (1) and running (2).Half of the deaths a cardiovascular pathology was called the cause or factor.Four deaths were transferred to a specialized heart pathology service for autopsy.

Screening of possible unwanted events in the ultramarathon

Pre-race screening and stratification predicts adverse events - a 4-year study in 29585 ultramarathon entrants, SAFER X. The screening before the race and risk tetratization in endurance athletes can predict unwanted events during a race. To determine if screening predicts unwanted events before the race and risk tetrativity during a race. 29585 participants (male 71.1%, average age = 42.1 years; Female 28.9%, average age = 40.2 years) In the ultra-marathon race ‘Two Ocean’s’ (56 km) filled out a medical screening questionnaire before the race and were made before theRace divided into four specified groups as very high risk (existing cardiovascular disease 3.2%), high risk (risk factors for cardiovascular diseases 10.5%), medium risk (existing other chronic disease, medication attraction 53.3%) and low risk(33.0%). Starters, finishers and medical contacts were recorded.The DNS rate (not started) (per 1000 participants not started), the DNF rate (per 1000 starters, not finished), the rate of unwanted events \ [per 1000 starters, which were also started DNF or oneMedical intervention had ] and the rate of medical contacts (per 1000 starter with a medical encounter) were compared by risk categories. Unwanted events were significantly higher at the very high risk (68.9) (per 1000 starter) than at low risk (51.3).The DNA rate differed significantly between the mean risk and low risk (207.4).The DNF rates did not differ in very high risk compared to the low risk (44.2), and the rate of medical contacts did not differ between the risk categories, but the very high risk of significance compared to low risk (6.9).

How do you feel during an ultramarathon in the Arctic?

The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon There are hardly any research that examines the physiological and psychological impact of ultra race on athlete under extreme conditions. The purpose of the study was to identify frequent injury patterns and diseases, mood states and sleep patterns and finally to examine the relationships between mental load capacity, sleep, mood and injury rates during a three-day Arctic ultra-marathon over 120 miles. Twelve participants (3 women, 9 men) With an average age of 42 ± 5.35 years participated in the study.The mental state was measured using the MT18 questionnaire. Injuries were clinically assessed every day and recorded. The temperatures were between -20 and -6 degrees Celsius throughout the race.Sleep duration and mood were recorded with the brums questionnaire. 10 The 12 participants suffered injuries.Almost half of the participants had injuries that are over several days. The average sleep duration over the three days was 4.07 hours with an average of 0.78 injuries per day. During the three days, significant mood changes were determined, in particular a reduction in vitality and an increase in fatigue.Neither the sleep amount nor the spiritual resilience correlated with the injury rate. Interestingly, the sleep amount did not hood with mood swings.The mental hardness correlated moderate negative with depression, reduced anger, confusion, increased force and tension during the race.

The 100 km run from Biel between 1956 and 2019

Participation and Performance Trends in the Oldest 100-km Ultramarathon in the World The trends of participation and performance at the ultramarathon show showed an increase in the participants and improving performance for large records and long periods. However, the decades of analysis of ultramarathons is missing.These trends were analyzed for 96'036 athletes (88'286 men and 7'750 women) from 67 countries, which at the ‘100 km run Biel’ in Switzerland, the oldest 100 km ultramarathon in the world, the oldest 100 km long ultramarathon in the worldwent the start. In all years more men participated as women.The number of male participants reached a climax around 1985 and then there was a decline in participation.Women began in 1962 with the competition. The men were getting faster than the women and both the women as well as men improved their terms over the years. After about 1985, both women and men as well as female and male winners could not improve the maturities. For men, the athletes of all age groups reached a climax of participation in the 1980s under the age of 49 and have been a decline since then. In terms of age groups, the decline initially began in the age group of 20 to 29 years, followed by 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years.For the athletes in the age groups 70-79 and 80-89 years ago no acceptance occurred.For the women, age group athletes increased their participation in age groups 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years, while age groups 20-29 and 30-39 reached and started their climax at the end of the 1980s.stabilize. Switzerland, Germany and France were the countries with the highest number of participants in the history of the race.In the men, the maturities slowed for most nationalities after about 1990;Only runners from Germany seemed to stabilize their performance.In women, runners from Italy, France and Austria improved their performance over the years.