The meaning of vitamin D on performance

Impact of Vitamin D on Physical Efficiency and Exercise Performance—A Review A vitamin D shortage in athletes and in the general population seems to be a big problem. The most famous role of vitamin D is the regulation of calcium homopostasis.There is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health.In addition, its concentrations are associated with the muscle function and the immune response both in general and a sporting population. The vitamin D mirror is strongly related to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most human extra-skeletal cells. The expression of multiple myogen transcription factors that promote the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells is caused by the exposure of skeletal muscles to vitamin D. The aim of this overview was to summarize the current understanding of the importance of vitamin D for the training performance and physical performance in terms of analysis of the influence of vitamin D on multiple possible mechanisms.

Hyponatriämie am Spartathlon

Incidence of Hyponatremia During a Continuous 246-km Ultramarathon Running Race The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of the stress-associated hyponatremia in a 246 km long ultra-marathon. Over a period of two years, 63 male participants in the annual savat sound of Athens to Sparta, Greece, in the data analysis were included. A blood sample was taken from the day before the race as well as within 15 minutes of the race and analyzed on the sodium concentration. During the second year of data collection, blood was also removed on 93 km long checkpoint (n = 29).Size and weight were measured before and after the race. The average competition time of all subjects was 33 ± 3 hours with a range of 23.5 and 36.0 hours. Of the 63-recruited finishers, nine the race began with values that indicate a slight hyponatemia.Seven runners were classified at 93 km long checkpoint with a hyponatremia, three of which had a sodium level with severe hyponatemia. After the race, a total of 41 finishers (65%) developed either a slight (n = 27, 43%) or a heavy hyponatremia (n = 14, 22%). The average change in body weight percentage and serum sodium from the race to after the race was -3.6 ± 2.7% (-2.5 ± 1.9 kg) or -6.6 ± 5.6 mmol × L-1. The serum sodium mirror before the race was not a significant predictor of serum sodium levels after the race, but there was a significant and negative relationship between the change in body weight percentage and the serum sodium concentration after the race.

What distinguishes UltraLauer?

Who are ultramarathon runners? For most people, the marathon over 42.195 km is the longest running route you know. But there are running tracks in the ultramarathon, which go over many hours to light or hundreds to thousands of kilometers and miles. House and specialists are increasingly confronted with ultramarathon runners, there are more and more such competitions and ultramarathon runners in Switzerland at an international top level.

This overview summarizes the specific characteristics for Ultralaufen. The whole article can be found under https://medicalforum.ch/en/detail/doi/smf.ch/deten/detail/doi/smf.2020.08433

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World record in the marathon at 59 years

Physiological Profile of a 59-Year-Old Male World Record Holder Marathoner In this study, the cardioreespiratory capacity and the running economy of a 59-year-old former Olympic athlete rated a marathon in 2:30:15 h: min: s. The athlete moved with 32 years (best marathon performance: 2:13:59 h: min: s) for a period of 16 years after participating in the Olympic Games Returned. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), breathing (VE), blood lactate concentration (LA), step frequency (SF) and tread economy (RE) were measured during a treadmill running test. His Hrmax, Vemax, Lamax and Vo2max amounted to 165 strokes / min, 115 l / min, 5.7 mmol / l and 65.4 ml / min. His marathon pace was his running economy 210 ml × kg-1 × km-1 with a frequency of 199 ± 0.55 s × min-1 and its oxygen intake corresponded to 91% of its Vo2max. This study shows that it has succeeded in the 59-year-old former Olympic marathon runner despite a 16-year training break, to limit the age-related power of performance to “5% per decade.

Pacing in Ultra Triathlon

Ultra-triathlon-Pacing, performance trends, the role of nationality, and sex differences in finishers and non-finishers Ultra-triathlons are defined as triathlons that are longer than the traditional Ironman distance and became increasingly popular in the last two decades.However, there are only a few scientific evidence for these events. Therefore, the trends in terms of performance, tempo, nationality, gender differences and rate of non-finishers were examined in ultra-triathlons. Data from 1985 to 2018 were collected, including Double Iron, Triple Iron, Quintuple Iron and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlons.A different pacing after route and gender were observed. The athletes spent less time with swimming and cycling and more time running with increasing length of distance. Women spent more time with cycling and less time running in Double Iron and Triple Iron. The performance analysis since 1985 showed a negative trend for men and women over time. Switzerland, France and Germany were the fastest nations in these ultra-triathlons.The frequency of participation of North Americans in Europe was very low (<5%), while Europeans often approached North America (\ ~ 25%). The rate of non-finishers between the sexes was similar in all races, with the exception of the Deca Iron Ultra Triathlon, which was much higher in women (\ ~ 20%).Non-finishers had slower times when swimming and cycling as a finisher. In summary, ultra-triathlets should distribute their energy depending on the gender and length of the race on swimming, cycling and running.

Liquid balance at an Ironman triathlon

Hydration Status After an Ironman Triathlon: A Meta-Analysis The Ironman is one of the most popular triathlon events in the world.Such a race includes a large number of tactical decisions for a healthy finish and the best performance. Dehydration is often postulated to reduce performance, and is known as the cause of dropouts at Ironman. Despite the importance of hydration status after an Ironman triathlon, it is clearly lacking meta-analysis studies on this topic. The aim was therefore to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of the hydration status after an Ironman triathlon. A systematic review of literature was carried out by June 2016, which included the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. From the first 995 references we have 6 studies involved in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. All attempts had two measurements of hydration status after a complete Ironman race. The total body, blood and urinosmolality, the specific gravity of urine and the sodium plasma concentration were considered as hydration markers. Three researchers, independently, abstracted data to the study design, the sample size, to the features of the participants and the race, results and the quantitative data for meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis, the Ironman event seems to lead to moderate dehydration compared to the output values. Some heterogeneity and consistency indications were also observed.

Body mass and mileage

The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Race Performance The key elements for the success of a particular sports competition have become an interest area for researchers. The reason for the success of Ethiopian runner has not been proven scientifically so far. The aim of this study was to document the anthropometric parameters of 10'000 meter runners and find out the relationship between these parameters and services. A descriptive field study was performed.32 Elite 10'000 meter runners participated. The data was collected as the athletics team prepared for the athletics world championship.The procedure was repeated three times for each person. The experience of male and female athletes showed a negative connection with the end time.However, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and runtime at both sexes. For both sexes, a significant positive association of body weight was observed with the term.The body size correlates positively with the term in men, but not in women.The length of the arm, the forearm, leg in both sexes and the length of the thigh in women had no significant connection with the end time.A smaller arm and calf circumference had a positive effect on the performance of both sexes.A smaller thigh circumference showed a positive connection with the performance of men. The age of the runners did not correlate with their performance.The anthropometric variables showed significantly higher values in men than in women. Experienced athletes better cut off both sexes.

Collaborated half marathon runners

Profiling Collapsing Half Marathon Runners—Emerging Risk Factors: Results from Gothenburg Half Marathon Under several serious diseases, arrhythmia and heat stroke are two important causes of death in long-distance races.Clinically, a collapse could be the first sign of these serious states and mimic the more frequent and benign-related collapse at a stamina load.Several risk factors have been given in the literature. It was a qualitative study N to find a perceived risk profile during runners collapsed during the Gothenburg Half Marathon (2010-2017) and transported to the nearest hospital with an ambulance. Collaborating runners do not seem to be able to retire despite exhaustion from the run.They feel the pain, but are unable to make sense to make sense to adapt their pace and deal with other influences.Consequently, they do not overcome the problem and do not rate the situation. These individual mental properties can indicate a unique profile for collapsing runners.

Which variables do a transcontinental influence?

Pre-race determinants influencing performance and finishing of a transcontinental 4486-km ultramarathon Determinants were examined before the race that influence the performance and finish of one of the largest transcontinental multi-stap running. Forty-five participants of the Transseurope Footrace 2009, which ran 4486 km in 64 stages (average 70.1 km daily) were analyzed in terms of training and running experience. This included years of regular endurance sports (experience), the number of finished marathons, ultramarathons and multi-stay runs, records before the race for marathon and specific UM races as well as the scope of training before the race last year before the trans-internal footrace with volume (km/ Week), duration (h / week) and intensity (km / h). The average total run speed during the transseurope footrace was 8.25 km h.71% of the subjects finished the race.The middle training volume is 5500 km. Finisher and non-finishers of trans-European footrace showed no significant difference in the determinants tested before the race. There was no connection between years of regular endurance sports, number of marathons, ultramarathons, and multi-stay runs with performance at the transseurope footrace. There was a very strong positive correlation between the intensity of the training before the race and performance at the transseurope footrace. The volume of workout before the race correlated with the performance at the transseurope footrace. Records before the race in certain ultra races (6-hour, 50 km, 100 km races) showed a high correlation performance at the transseurope footrace. The performance of the ultramarathon correlates vice versa with age. As in other endurance disciplines with shorter routes, the athletes also need a stage-specific experience, training and adaptation before the race in ultra-length multi-stage endurance sports if they want to achieve good performance.