Ice miles and their load on the body

Physiological Responses to Swimming Repetitive “Ice Miles” The swimming of so-called ice miles (1 mile swimming in water of 5 ° C and colder) is always greater popularity. Since the founding of the International Ice Swimming Association (IISA) in 2009, official races as a World Cup race and World Championships will be held. Ice swimming was demonstration sport at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, Russia. This case study aimed to determine the body temperature and selected hematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated “ice miles”. An experienced ice float completed six consecutive ice miles within two days. Three ice miles fulfilled the strict criteria for the definition of ice miles, while the other three were very close to the temperature limit (5.2, 6.1 and 6.6 ° C). Swimming times, changes in body temperature, and selected laboratory parameters were recorded. The athlete showed a metabolic acidosis after each ice mile (an increase in lactate and TCO2; a decrease in base surplus and HCO3) and an increase in blood sugar, cortisol and creatine kinase. The decrease in pH correlated significantly and negatively with the increase in the cortisol mirror, suggesting that this intensive movement causes a metabolic stress. The change in body core temperature between the beginning and end was negatively associated with metabolic acidosis. The increase in creatine kinase indicates skeletal muscle damage by chills after an ice mile. As a practical consequence for athletes and coach, swimming in cold water during ice miles leads to a metabolic acidosis that tries to compensate for the float with a respiratory reaction. In view of the increasing popularity of ice swimming, the results have a practical value for swimmers and supervisors (eg trainers, exercise physiologists and physicians) working with them, as our results provide a detailed description of acute physiological reactions to repeated swimming in cold conditions.

Pacing at a teenager at a marathon attempt

Pacing of an Untrained 17-Year-Old Teenager in a Marathon Attempt Although there is an increased scientific interest in physiological reactions to endurance training, there is limited information for teenagers who participate in endurance competitions. We report on the case of an untrained 17-year-old female teenager (50.6 kg, 167 cm, Body Mass Index 18.1 kg / m2), which did not want to complete a marathon within 6 hours without preparation. The young woman missed her goal only 2 km.When the average running speed an hour has been analyzed, there was a main influence of the race lesson on the running speed, with the running speed in the fifth hour lower in the second hour. Despite a progressive decrease in running speed, it was still able to start a final spurt, which can be represented by a non-linear regression fourth degree. After five days, the creatine kinase reached the original value and the trash of hemoglobin and hematocrit showed an expansion of the plasma volume. A marathon as a teenager to run the physical health did not affect, especially when a self-dialed pace was chosen. Laboratory parameters during and after running similar changes as they have already been described for adolescents and adults after a marathon. Increased values fell back to the starting value within a few days.

Liquid and food intake in an ultramarathon

Real-Time Observations of Food and Fluid Timing During a 120 km Ultramarathon In this case study, it was about using real-time observations to investigate the timing of ultramarathon runners in food intake and fluid intake per 15 km and per hour and the entire body weight loss due to dehydration. The study included five male ultramarathon runners who were observed during a 120 km long race. The members of the research team followed on a bicycle and continuously watched their food intake with cameras. The hourly carbohydrate intake was between 22.1 and 62.6 g / h and the fluid intake varied between 260 and 603 ml / h. These numbers remained relatively stable during the ultra-endurance marathon. The runners took an average of 3-6 times a 15 km of food and liquid. The runners reached a higher total carbohydrate consumption in the second half of the race, but no higher fluid intake. Energy desire contributed most to the entire average carbohydrate recording. The weight after the race was 3.6 ± 2.3% lower than the weight before the race, resulting in a non-significant but practical relevant difference.

Salt in endurance sports

How important is salt for athletes? In one of the current issues of the Fit for Life ‘, the aspect of the salt feed is discussed.

There are different forms of salt supply. In the last section of the article, a very special form will be described, see https://fitforlife.ch/salz-im-ausendimentreport/?utm_source=newsletter

Knee pain in cyclists

Potential factors associated with knee pain in cyclists: a systematic review The possible factors associated with overload damage and pain in cyclists supported by scientific evidence are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the most important factors in connection with the overuse of knee pain and / or injury to cyclists on the basis of a systematic search for the latest findings. In the search, a possible mechanism in connection with knee pain or injuries was investigated, which could be used in clinical practice. Databases were searched and studies were included if presented results from original studies. They should preferably include, but not limited to, leisure and / or competitive athletes with or without knee pain. The quality of the item was evaluated.Eleven articles were considered for a full text test. The studies generally included the evaluation of biomechanical results in connection with knee pain in cyclists. Overall, the studies showed that cyclists with knee pain have greater knee adcreation and larger dorsalflexion of the ankle and differences in activation for Hamstring and QuadricePs muscles. Unclear results were observed for kneemoments, and no differences were observed for knee fluid angles, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral forces. It is important to mention that various types of knee pain were mixed in most studies, focusing on two studies on anterior-associated pain. Cyclists with excessive pain or injuries on the knees showed increased media projection of their knees and a changed activation of Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis.

When do the runners specialize in the marathon track?

Marathon Specialization in Elites: A Head Start for Africans This study pursued the evaluation of the differences in event-specific specialization between African and non-frican male marathon runners based on age, performance and career length. For this purpose, the top 90 of the African marathon runners from 2001 to 2015 with the top 90 of non-African marathon runners from the same period over various markers in terms of age, performance and career length compared. It turned out that African marathon runners specialize in excellence and retreat from competitive sports as non-African marathon runners. In addition, African marathon runners were faster in these career periods and in half marathon performance faster. There was no significant difference in the number of marathons between the groups, but African marathon runners ran more frequently than non-African marathon runners. The half marathon performance correlated positively with the marathon performance. Marathon runners specializing in young years showed significantly higher suggestions rates than those specializing in older age groups.

Age and pacing in cross-country skiing

The effect of aging on pacing strategies of cross-country skiers and the role of performance level The participation of Masterathlets in training and competition has increased in recent decades. However, there is still little known whether these athletes differ in performance aspects such as the pacing of their younger colleagues. We have studied the combined effect of age and performance (competition time) to the pace on the vassalauf. We analyzed all around 80,000 finishers from 2012 to 2017 after their competition time in 10 groups.

All details about Ultramarathon

Physiology and pathophysiology in ultra-marathon running We have reviewed the scientific literature on Ultramarathon and creates a great review article. We summarize the findings of the literature with regard to the physiology and pathophysiology of the ultramarathon. The number of ultramarathons and the number of official finishers has risen particularly strong in recent decades, due to the increased number of women and age group runners. A typical ultra raker is male, married, well trained and about 45 years old.Female Ultralaufen today make around 20% of the total number of finishers. Ultralaufen are older than marathon runners and have a bigger weekly training volume, but they run slower as a marathon runner in training. Previous experience (number of placements in ultramarathons and fast personal best marathon period) is the most important factor influencing a successful ultramarathon followed by specific anthropometric peculiarities (low body mass, deep BMI and low body fat) and training (high running speed during exercise). Women are slower than men, but the gender difference in performance in recent years dropped to about 10-20% depending on the length of the ultramarathon. The fastest times in the ultramarathon are usually reached at the age of 35-45 years or older for women and men. It seems that the age of peak performance increases with increasing RenDistanz or duration of the race. An ultramarathon leads to an energy deficit that leads to a reduction of body fat and skeletal muscle. An ultramarathone can lead, in combination with other risk factors such as extreme weather conditions (heat or cold) or the country in which the race takes place, to a stress-associated hyponatremia. An ultramarathon can also lead to changes in biomarkers who show a pathological process for specific organs or organ systems, such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney, immune system and endocrine system. These changes are usually temporary, depending on intensity and duration of performance, usually normalize after the race within a few days. In longer ultramarathons, up to 50-60% of the participants complain about muscular skeletal problems. The most common injuries in ultra skirters relate to the lower extremity such as ankle and knees. An ultramarathon leads to an increase in creatine kinase at values of 100,000-200,000 U / L depending on the fitness level of the athlete and length of the race. In addition, an ultramarathon can lead to changes in the heart, such as changes in heart biomarkers, ECG and echocardiography. Ultralauf often suffer from digestive problems and gastrointestinal bleeding after an ultramarathon are not unusual. The liver enzymes can increase significantly during an ultramarathon.An ultramarathon often leads to a temporary restriction of renal function.

Stress of the heart at long cycling

2706 km cycling in two weeks: effects on cardiac function in six elderly male athletes Sport has a non-underestimated influence on the heart.A Danish group has studied six older athletes who have completed around 2700 radikilometers for 14 days. It turned out that the left ventricle increased to size.In addition, there was a temporary increase in cardiac biomarkers (troponin T, creatine kinase-myocardial gang and N-terminal pro-brain-natriuretic peptide). The plasma concentrations of cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower after workout. The systolic blood pressure was unchanged, but the diastolic pressure was significantly lower after workout than at the beginning of the study. Important are the favorable reduction of the blood fats and the reduction of diastolic blood pressure. The study can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29770745/