The age of the best performance in the Duathlon

The age of peak performance in women and men duathletes – The paradigm of short and long versions in “Powerman Zofingen” The age of peak performance was examined in detail in various endurance and ultra-endurance sports;However, there is less information about Duathlon (running, cycling, running). The aim of the present study was to race the age of the peak performance of Duethlen, which run either in a short (10 km, 50 km and 5 km) or a long distance (10 km, 150 km and 30 km).From 2003 to 2017, 6'671 participants (women, n = 1,037, age 36.6 ± 9.1 years; men, n = 5 634, 40.0 ± 10,0 years) were analyzed in “Powerman Zofingen”. Looking at the finishers in 5-year-old age groups, a small main effect of sex on the race time was observed on the short distance, with men (171.7 ± 20.9 min) faster than women (186.0 ± 21.5 min). A small main effect of the age group was shown for the gender, where 20-24 years the fastest and 70-74 years were the slowest age group. No interaction of gender × age group was found.On the long range, a small main effect of gender was observed on the race time, with men (502.8 ± 56.8 minutes) around -7.6% faster than women (544.3 ± 62.8 minutes). A great main effect of the age group on the race period was shown, with the age group for 25-29 years the fastest and age group 70-74 years the slowest. A small sex × Age group Interaction on race time was found with a gender difference from -22.4% (15-19 years) to -6.6% (30-34 years). Due to these findings, a higher age of the peak performance in the Langen was detected in the “Powerman Zofingen” as in the short distance.

Read more

Motivation at endurance athletes

Antecedents of exercise dependence in ultra-endurance sports: Reduced basic need satisfaction and avoidance-motivated self-control The initiation and maintenance of sports and motive behavior is usually discussed in health promotion strategies. In the present study, we analyzed a sample of extreme endurance athletes and made us to predict the addiction that is a facet of a sports health risk. We are therefore based on the self-determination theory after which low psychological needs can lead to excessive compensatory behavior. We aim to unravel the effects of the need for the activity in the activity itself (exercise) and outside the activity (work / leisure) to the addiction. In addition, we suggest an anxious self-motivation as a mediator and test whether it connects a low basic need for training with a training dependency.

Read more

Ultramarathon mit Diabetes mellitus

Ultramarathon with Type 1 Diabetes We report on the case of a 63-year-old runner with diabetes mellitus type 1, which has been needed since its 21st year of life. At the age of 32, he completed his first marathon and the first ultramarathon at the age of 34. So far, he has completed more than 90 marathons and ultramarathons. Thanks to an insulin pump and continuous blood glucose measurement, he has previously completed 48 24-hour runs with an average distance of 133 km.

Read more

Stress for athletes

Are adolescent elite athletes less psychologically distressed than controls? A cross-sectional study of 966 Norwegian adolescents Mental stresses to teens and groups with other psychic problems such as eating disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of mental stress in young competitive sports experts and age-appropriate controls and whether prevalence Perfectionism and eating disorders are due.For this cross-sectional study, first semester came into question from all Norwegian top sports schools (n = 711) and 500 students from randomly selected ordinary grammar schools.A total of 611 athletes and 355 students as controls delivered self-report data on mental stress, perfectionism and esprobyses (body detachment and one urge for leanness) as well as their physical training / activity. A significantly higher proportion of controls was achieved over the cutoff point for pronounced mental stress. Physical activity, which was about the recommended values for this age group, a psychological burden on the controls predicted, while the opposite was found in the elite athlete sample. In both samples, perfectionist concerns said, i. Worry about mistakes, a general mental stress advance. Under the competitors, however, perfectionist concerns were particularly associated with clinically significant mental stress.In addition, the influence of eating disorders was negligible.

Read more

Vitamin D and Ultra Marathon

Personality Traits and Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affect Mood State 12 h Before 100 km Ultramarathon Run Participation in extreme endurance sports enjoys increasing popularity, making more people involved. Participation in a 100 km run is associated with a large physiological and mental stress that can influence the reflux. The aim of this study was therefore to find out whether personality, experience and motives for participation associated with the mood and the runner’s changes and whether the supplementation with vitamin D3 influences the mood 12 hours before and 12 hours after the barrel. The subject group consisted of 20 experienced marathon and ultramarathon runners participating in a 100 km run. All participants were men between 31 and 50 (M = 40.75, SD = 7.15). The group was divided into two equal subgroups: the placebo group and the group with vitamin D3 supplements. The personality traits were assessed with the Polish version of Eysicks EPQ-R 106, and the mood states were measured twice (12 hours before and after the barrel), using the Polish version of Mathews, Chamberlain and Jones’s umacl. Motives for participating in ultramarathons were measured with the IPAO of Lipowski and Zaleski. The vitamin D3 mirrors correlated very strongly with the energetic excitement (EA) and strong hedonian tone (HT) for 12 hours before the barrel. There were no significant correlations between vitamin D3 mirrors and reflections after the barrel. In addition, extraversion correlated with tempus excitation (TA) and EA, while neurotizism moderately with Ta and Ht.

Read more

Ice miles and their load on the body

Physiological Responses to Swimming Repetitive “Ice Miles” The swimming of so-called ice miles (1 mile swimming in water of 5 ° C and colder) is always greater popularity. Since the founding of the International Ice Swimming Association (IISA) in 2009, official races as a World Cup race and World Championships will be held. Ice swimming was demonstration sport at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, Russia. This case study aimed to determine the body temperature and selected hematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated “ice miles”. An experienced ice float completed six consecutive ice miles within two days. Three ice miles fulfilled the strict criteria for the definition of ice miles, while the other three were very close to the temperature limit (5.2, 6.1 and 6.6 ° C). Swimming times, changes in body temperature, and selected laboratory parameters were recorded. The athlete showed a metabolic acidosis after each ice mile (an increase in lactate and TCO2; a decrease in base surplus and HCO3) and an increase in blood sugar, cortisol and creatine kinase. The decrease in pH correlated significantly and negatively with the increase in the cortisol mirror, suggesting that this intensive movement causes a metabolic stress. The change in body core temperature between the beginning and end was negatively associated with metabolic acidosis. The increase in creatine kinase indicates skeletal muscle damage by chills after an ice mile. As a practical consequence for athletes and coach, swimming in cold water during ice miles leads to a metabolic acidosis that tries to compensate for the float with a respiratory reaction. In view of the increasing popularity of ice swimming, the results have a practical value for swimmers and supervisors (eg trainers, exercise physiologists and physicians) working with them, as our results provide a detailed description of acute physiological reactions to repeated swimming in cold conditions.

Read more

Pacing at a teenager at a marathon attempt

Pacing of an Untrained 17-Year-Old Teenager in a Marathon Attempt Although there is an increased scientific interest in physiological reactions to endurance training, there is limited information for teenagers who participate in endurance competitions. We report on the case of an untrained 17-year-old female teenager (50.6 kg, 167 cm, Body Mass Index 18.1 kg / m2), which did not want to complete a marathon within 6 hours without preparation. The young woman missed her goal only 2 km.When the average running speed an hour has been analyzed, there was a main influence of the race lesson on the running speed, with the running speed in the fifth hour lower in the second hour. Despite a progressive decrease in running speed, it was still able to start a final spurt, which can be represented by a non-linear regression fourth degree. After five days, the creatine kinase reached the original value and the trash of hemoglobin and hematocrit showed an expansion of the plasma volume. A marathon as a teenager to run the physical health did not affect, especially when a self-dialed pace was chosen. Laboratory parameters during and after running similar changes as they have already been described for adolescents and adults after a marathon. Increased values fell back to the starting value within a few days.

Read more

Liquid and food intake in an ultramarathon

Real-Time Observations of Food and Fluid Timing During a 120 km Ultramarathon In this case study, it was about using real-time observations to investigate the timing of ultramarathon runners in food intake and fluid intake per 15 km and per hour and the entire body weight loss due to dehydration. The study included five male ultramarathon runners who were observed during a 120 km long race. The members of the research team followed on a bicycle and continuously watched their food intake with cameras. The hourly carbohydrate intake was between 22.1 and 62.6 g / h and the fluid intake varied between 260 and 603 ml / h. These numbers remained relatively stable during the ultra-endurance marathon. The runners took an average of 3-6 times a 15 km of food and liquid. The runners reached a higher total carbohydrate consumption in the second half of the race, but no higher fluid intake. Energy desire contributed most to the entire average carbohydrate recording. The weight after the race was 3.6 ± 2.3% lower than the weight before the race, resulting in a non-significant but practical relevant difference.

Read more