Do the women bring the men?

Performance differences between sexes in 50-mile to 3,100-mile ultramarathons In the context of individual observations in recent years and decades, several journalists and also scientists assumed that the women are sometime in the long-distance course at some point the men in and overtake. To find and see such individual cases whether this observation effectively applied we have analyzed all runs over 50 miles, 100 miles, 200 miles, 1'000 miles and 3'100 miles from the years 1971-2012. When taking the times of the fastest men and women about these routes, the men were over 50 miles (17.5%), 100 miles (17.4%), 200 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%), 1'000 miles (9.7%),) And 3'100 miles (18.6%) faster.If you take the 10 fastest men and women, the men were over 50 miles (17.1 ± 1.9%), 100 miles (19.2 ± 1.5%) and 1'000 miles (16.7 ± 1.6%) faster than the women.For all examined routes, no correlation could be found between gender difference and running speed.If you take the fastest times per calendar year, the difference between the sexes over 50 miles from 14.6% took 8.9%. Over 100 miles, the difference remained constant at 18.0% and over 3100 miles he rose from 12.5% to 16.9%.If you take the difference between the 10 fastest runners per year, the difference over 50 miles of 31.6 ± 3.6% decreased to 8.9 ± 1.8%. Over 100 miles, he decreased from 26.0 ± 4.4% to 24.7 ± 0.9%.The bottom line was 17-20% faster than the women.

Younger and older 100 km runners

Do non-elite older runners slow down more than younger runners in a 100 km ultra-marathon? We asked ourselves the question of whether there is a difference in the running point between younger and older 100 km runners. We assumed that the older runners were increasingly slower over the 100 km.For this we took the maturities of the 10 fastest men from 2000 to 2009 on 100 km run in Biel and looked if there is a difference over the 100 km in the age groups. It showed that the running speed in runners in the age group was 18-24 years deeper than the running speed of the runners of the other age groups.And it showed that the running speed was not decreased over all age groups with increasing age. This work can be found under https://bmcsportscimedrehabil.biomedCentral.com/Articles/10.1186/2052-1847-7-1

Liquid supply under load

Self-report Versus Direct-Measurement for Assessment of Fluid Intake During a 70.3-mile Triathlon An American group has studied how exactly triathlets can estimate their supply of fluid on the running track of half a Ironman triathlon. Compared with a precisely measured intake, the self-assessment was not bad, with certain individuals clearly laying down. The work can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561580/

Pacing im Triathlon

Pacing strategies during the swim, cycle and run disciplines of sprint, Olympic and half-Ironman triathlons An Australian group has studied the pacing behavior of triathlets via Sprint, Olympic Distance and Halber Ironman.8 male triathlets were analyzed during swimming, cycling and running.

The speed remained constant at all routes. When cycling, the pacing was not uniform.When running, the triathlets in the sprint were able to grow towards the end (negative pacing), while they were always slower over Olympic distance and halfway, see [Positive Pacing), see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25557388/

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Triathlon and health

The impact of triathlon training and racing on athletes’ general health A current overview examines the influence of triathlon on health. Although relatively little has been published in this context, it is known that in 1.5 cases to 100,000 starters is a death to complain, mostly when swimming. The work can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25292108/

Energy deficit in an Ironman

Energy Balance of Triathletes during an Ultra-Endurance Event A Spanish group has studied the energy balance with Ironman triathlets. For swimming, cycling and running, energy consumption was calculated exactly.The 11 triathlets were around 755 minutes, had an average heart rate of 137 beats, raised around 3,600 kcal, spent around 10,000 kcal and came to a deficit of around 7,400 kcal.In addition, it came to a decrease in body weight and body water. All details can be found under https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/1/209

Salt consumption during ultramarathon

Sodium Supplementation and Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during Prolonged Exercise On the ‘Western States Endurance Run’ over 100 miles was studied by the supply of salt a bit brings with respect to stress-induced hyponatremia.In the whole collective, 6.6% of the runners came to a hyponatremia.

Over 90% of the runners took a salt preparation to themselves. It showed a direct connection between the sodium value in the blood after the competition and the supply of sodium during the course.However, there was no difference in the sodium supply between runners with and without hyponatremia at the end of the run. The supply of sodium is much less important than a restriction of the fluid supply to avoid a hyponatremia in the ultramarathone. Can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25551404/

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Old and experience in ultra-sofa

Longitudinal Assessment of the Effect of Age and Experience on Performance in 161-km Ultramarathons An American study examined at 4,066 runners with their 29'311 competitions from 1974-2010 the influence of age on the mileage at 100-mile runs. By the age of 38, men like women were slower at 0.05-06 h / year. Between 38 and 50 years, men were slower 0.17 h / year, the women 0.23 h / year.

Mortality in former athletes

Reduced mortality in former elite endurance athletes In the past, it was obvious that an intensive physical stress was harmful and life expectancy shortening. Studies with runners, cyclists and participants in Olympics showed, but that a regular endurance training has a protective effect from cardiovascular diseases.

In particular, the endpoint death is delayed. The compilation can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584695/